Dismorfia muscular y síntomas de salud mental en adultos urbanos físicamente activos de Paraguay: estudio transversal
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La vigorexia y la dismorfia muscular son problemáticas emergentes de salud mental, especialmente entre adultos físicamente activos expuestos a ideales corporales intensificados por redes sociales. Este estudio analizó la relación entre ejercicio físico, imagen corporal y bienestar psicológico en 153 adultos urbanos del Paraguay. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, práctica de actividad física, consumo de suplementos y uso de redes sociales, junto con medidas psicométricas validadas: Cuestionario del Complejo de Adonis (ACQ), Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory (MDDI), Body Esteem Scale (BES), Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (PACS) y Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21). Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de síntomas depresivos, ansiosos y de estrés (58,2% en cada caso). El ACQ se asoció positivamente con el tiempo de ejercicio, la preocupación corporal y los puntajes de dismorfia muscular; en contraste, la autoestima corporal se relacionó inversamente con la distorsión muscular. El uso de redes sociales se vinculó con mayor comparación corporal y menor autoestima. También se observaron diferencias significativas por sexo y ocupación en dismorfia muscular y malestar emocional, destacándose mayor vulnerabilidad en varones y estudiantes trabajadores. El 39,2% reportó uso de suplementos, más de la mitad sin supervisión profesional. Los hallazgos indican que la combinación de ejercicio intenso, exposición a ideales corporales irreales y suplementación no regulada configura un patrón de riesgo para la salud mental. Se requieren estrategias preventivas que incluyan educación en imagen corporal, promoción de hábitos saludables y detección temprana de vigorexia y dismorfia muscular en entornos deportivos y comunitarios.
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