¿Qué métodos de estudio funcionan mejor? Evaluación de estrategias y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Medicina
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El presente estudio analizó los métodos y hábitos de estudio, así como la percepción de eficacia de las estrategias de aprendizaje, en estudiantes de segundo y tercer año de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay. Se utilizó un diseño transversal con aplicación de una versión adaptada del Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI), administrada a 192 participantes mediante cuestionarios en formato digital y presencial. Los resultados mostraron un predominio de métodos de estudio pasivos, como el subrayado y resumen corto (40,6%) y la lectura repetida (29,2%), mientras que las estrategias activas, como la autoevaluación (6,3%) y los mapas mentales (8,3%), fueron menos frecuentes. A pesar de ello, el 86% de los estudiantes consideró que su método de estudio era eficaz o muy eficaz. El promedio académico general fue de 3,48 (DE = 0,52), y el puntaje medio en la escala de hábitos de estudio fue de 36,24 (DE = 6,93). Se observó una correlación positiva entre los hábitos de estudio y las horas semanales dedicadas al estudio (r = 0,345; p < 0,001), aunque no entre estas y el rendimiento académico. La edad se correlacionó negativamente con el promedio (r = −0,284; p < 0,001). No hubo diferencias significativas según sexo o situación laboral, aunque los estudiantes de tercer año obtuvieron un rendimiento superior (p = 0,031). Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de promover estrategias activas y metacognitivas que mejoren la calidad del aprendizaje en la formación médica.
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