Gender gaps and financial inclusion: the role of public credit in women's microenterprises in Caacupé, Paraguay

Abstract

Access to financing is a key factor for the development and sustainability of microenterprises, especially in contexts where gender gaps in financial inclusion persist. This study analyzes the credit line for women microenterprise entrepreneurs offered by the National Development Bank (BNF) in the city of Caacupé, Paraguay, during 2023. The research adopts a quantitative, descriptive, and non-experimental design, based on surveys administered to women beneficiaries of the program. The results characterize the socioeconomic profile of the entrepreneurs, the sectors in which the funds were invested, the perceived impact of the credit on income and business performance, access to training and technical assistance, compliance with financial obligations, and the perception of institutional support. The study shows that the credit contributed to improved income, productive diversification, and strengthened microenterprise management, particularly when accompanied by training and institutional support. Furthermore, a high level of loan repayment and positive growth expectations were observed. The study concludes that the analyzed credit line represents a relevant tool for financial inclusion with a gender perspective, although opportunities for improvement are identified in strengthening the capacity and comprehensive monitoring of beneficiaries. The study provides local empirical evidence for the design and evaluation of public policies aimed at women's entrepreneurship and inclusive economic development.